A Guide to Family Planning and Postpartum Contraception
Hormonal methods may affect mood, weight, or menstrual patterns.
Copper IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding and cramps.
Some methods carry a small risk of more serious complications, such as blood clots with combined hormonal contraceptives.
Impact on Menstrual Cycle and Future Fertility
Some methods, particularly hormonal ones, can alter your menstrual cycle. So consider whether you prefer to have regular periods, lighter periods, or no periods at all.
Think about how quickly you want to return to fertility after stopping contraception.
Partner Involvement
Other methods require partner cooperation, like condoms. So also consider whether you want a method that your partner needs to know about or be involved with.
Cost and Insurance Coverage
Long-acting methods have a higher upfront cost but may be more cost-effective over time. So it’s best to check what methods are covered by your insurance plan if applicable.
Personal Values and Beliefs
Your personal, cultural, or religious beliefs may influence your choice of contraception.
Contraception After Childbirth
Postpartum Ovulation
Ovulation for non-breastfeeding mothers can return as early as 4-6 weeks after delivery. If you are breastfeeding, your hormones do not return to pre-pregnancy levels (meaning delayed ovulation).
You should note that ovulation comes back before your first postpartum menstrual period, so it’s possible to become pregnant before menstruation resume.
Timing of Contraception Initiation
Some contraceptive can be started immediately after delivery while others require a waiting period. At this point of uncertainty, we recommend you discuss postpartum contraception with a gynaecologist during prenatal care or before you get discharged after delivery.
Considerations for Breastfeeding Mothers
Hormonal methods containing oestrogen (such as combined oral contraceptives) are generally not recommended in the first 6 weeks postpartum for all women, and for the first 6 months for breastfeeding women, as they may affect milk supply.Progestin-only methods are usually compatible with breastfeeding and can be started immediately after birth.
Recommended Methods for Postpartum Use
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) – This is effective if you are exclusively breastfeeding, your baby is less than six months old, and you haven’t had your period.
Progestin-Only Methods – Pills are safe to start immediately postpartum and suitable for breastfeeding moms, while injectables are effective for about three months.
Intrauterine Devices – Hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs can be inserted immediately after giving birth, effective for up to 10 and 7 years, respectively.
Implants – You can have this implant inserted right away after a vaginal/caesarean birth.
Barrier Methods – Condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps can be used immediately postpartum and have no hormonal effects.
Sterilisation – Tubal ligation is a permanent method that can be done immediately after childbirth.
Optimal Child Spacing
This is the recommended time interval between pregnancies that is associated with the best health outcomes for both the mother and the child. It allows the mother’s body to fully recover from the previous pregnancy and childbirth, replenish essential nutrients, and tend to her newborn before conceiving again.
It is generally recommended to wait 18 to 24 months but less than five years after a live birth before attempting your next pregnancy. The reason is to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and other health problems.
Conclusion
Family planning methods are essential tools for your reproductive health. Regardless of your need or preference, be it hormonal contraceptives, long-acting reversible methods, or you’re just exploring postpartum options, weigh all the factors carefully. Discuss your goals and specific health conditions with us so we can recommend the most suitable method.
Our Mount Elizabeth Novena Gynae clinic is a women’s clinic in Singapore that has helped multiple women navigate their journey. Contact us today for non-obligatory discussion.
When a woman forgets to take her regular birth control pills
When you have sex and do not use any form of birth control
When any method of birth control is not used correctly
There are two ways you may receive this kind of contraception, by using synthetic pills (progestin) or having an IUD placed inside your uterus.
Permanent Methods
For those who have completed their families or are certain they do not want children, this option is for you.
Tubal Ligation
A surgical procedure for women that closes off the fallopian tubes.
Vasectomy
A surgical procedure for mean that cuts and seals the tubes that carry sperm. Each of these has its own set of benefits, risks and considerations. So your choice of method should be made in consultation with your healthcare provider.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Contraceptive Method
Consider the following factors carefully and don’t forget to discuss them with your medical team so you make the best choice regarding contraception.
Personal Factors
Some methods may be more or less suitable depending on your age. For instance, combined hormonal contraceptives are generally not recommended for women over 35 who smoke due to an increased risk of blood clots.
Certain medical conditions may also influence your contraceptive options. Like in women with a history of breast cancer, they might be advised against hormonal methods.
If you are smoking, know that it can increase the risk of side effects with some methods, particularly combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs). Some methods like CHCs are also not recommended in the early weeks of breastfeeding because they may affect milk production.
Desired Duration of Contraception
Consider your family planning goals.If short-term, methods like pills, patches, or condoms might be suitable. If long-term, LARC methods could be more appropriate.And if you are certain that you don’t want children in the future, sterilisation might be an option.
Practicality and Accessibility
Daily methods like pills require consistent use and may not be suitable for those who struggle with routines. For methods like IUDs and implants, they require less frequent attention but need a medical professional for insertion and removal.
So consider how often you’re willing to visit a healthcare provider for contraception-related appointments.
Efficacy Rates
Every method has varying effectiveness rates.
LARC methods like IUDs and implants have the highest rates (>99%).
Pills, patches, and rings are highly effective when used perfectly but in typical use, their effectiveness rates are lower due to human error and inconsistent use.
Barrier methods like condoms have lower effectiveness rates but they offer protection against STIs.
Potential Side Effects and Complications
All contraceptive methods can have side effect, though not everyone experiences them.
Hormonal methods may affect mood, weight, or menstrual patterns.
Copper IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding and cramps.
Some methods carry a small risk of more serious complications, such as blood clots with combined hormonal contraceptives.
Impact on Menstrual Cycle and Future Fertility
Some methods, particularly hormonal ones, can alter your menstrual cycle. So consider whether you prefer to have regular periods, lighter periods, or no periods at all.
Think about how quickly you want to return to fertility after stopping contraception.
Partner Involvement
Other methods require partner cooperation, like condoms. So also consider whether you want a method that your partner needs to know about or be involved with.
Cost and Insurance Coverage
Long-acting methods have a higher upfront cost but may be more cost-effective over time. So it’s best to check what methods are covered by your insurance plan if applicable.
Personal Values and Beliefs
Your personal, cultural, or religious beliefs may influence your choice of contraception.
Contraception After Childbirth
Postpartum Ovulation
Ovulation for non-breastfeeding mothers can return as early as 4-6 weeks after delivery. If you are breastfeeding, your hormones do not return to pre-pregnancy levels (meaning delayed ovulation).
You should note that ovulation comes back before your first postpartum menstrual period, so it’s possible to become pregnant before menstruation resume.
Timing of Contraception Initiation
Some contraceptive can be started immediately after delivery while others require a waiting period. At this point of uncertainty, we recommend you discuss postpartum contraception with a gynaecologist during prenatal care or before you get discharged after delivery.
Considerations for Breastfeeding Mothers
Hormonal methods containing oestrogen (such as combined oral contraceptives) are generally not recommended in the first 6 weeks postpartum for all women, and for the first 6 months for breastfeeding women, as they may affect milk supply.Progestin-only methods are usually compatible with breastfeeding and can be started immediately after birth.
Recommended Methods for Postpartum Use
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) – This is effective if you are exclusively breastfeeding, your baby is less than six months old, and you haven’t had your period.
Progestin-Only Methods – Pills are safe to start immediately postpartum and suitable for breastfeeding moms, while injectables are effective for about three months.
Intrauterine Devices – Hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs can be inserted immediately after giving birth, effective for up to 10 and 7 years, respectively.
Implants – You can have this implant inserted right away after a vaginal/caesarean birth.
Barrier Methods – Condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps can be used immediately postpartum and have no hormonal effects.
Sterilisation – Tubal ligation is a permanent method that can be done immediately after childbirth.
Optimal Child Spacing
This is the recommended time interval between pregnancies that is associated with the best health outcomes for both the mother and the child. It allows the mother’s body to fully recover from the previous pregnancy and childbirth, replenish essential nutrients, and tend to her newborn before conceiving again.
It is generally recommended to wait 18 to 24 months but less than five years after a live birth before attempting your next pregnancy. The reason is to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and other health problems.
Conclusion
Family planning methods are essential tools for your reproductive health. Regardless of your need or preference, be it hormonal contraceptives, long-acting reversible methods, or you’re just exploring postpartum options, weigh all the factors carefully. Discuss your goals and specific health conditions with us so we can recommend the most suitable method.
Our Mount Elizabeth Novena Gynae clinic is a women’s clinic in Singapore that has helped multiple women navigate their journey. Contact us today for non-obligatory discussion.
When a woman forgets to take her regular birth control pills
When you have sex and do not use any form of birth control
When any method of birth control is not used correctly
There are two ways you may receive this kind of contraception, by using synthetic pills (progestin) or having an IUD placed inside your uterus.
Permanent Methods
For those who have completed their families or are certain they do not want children, this option is for you.
Tubal Ligation
A surgical procedure for women that closes off the fallopian tubes.
Vasectomy
A surgical procedure for mean that cuts and seals the tubes that carry sperm. Each of these has its own set of benefits, risks and considerations. So your choice of method should be made in consultation with your healthcare provider.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Contraceptive Method
Consider the following factors carefully and don’t forget to discuss them with your medical team so you make the best choice regarding contraception.
Personal Factors
Some methods may be more or less suitable depending on your age. For instance, combined hormonal contraceptives are generally not recommended for women over 35 who smoke due to an increased risk of blood clots.
Certain medical conditions may also influence your contraceptive options. Like in women with a history of breast cancer, they might be advised against hormonal methods.
If you are smoking, know that it can increase the risk of side effects with some methods, particularly combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs). Some methods like CHCs are also not recommended in the early weeks of breastfeeding because they may affect milk production.
Desired Duration of Contraception
Consider your family planning goals.If short-term, methods like pills, patches, or condoms might be suitable. If long-term, LARC methods could be more appropriate.And if you are certain that you don’t want children in the future, sterilisation might be an option.
Practicality and Accessibility
Daily methods like pills require consistent use and may not be suitable for those who struggle with routines. For methods like IUDs and implants, they require less frequent attention but need a medical professional for insertion and removal.
So consider how often you’re willing to visit a healthcare provider for contraception-related appointments.
Efficacy Rates
Every method has varying effectiveness rates.
LARC methods like IUDs and implants have the highest rates (>99%).
Pills, patches, and rings are highly effective when used perfectly but in typical use, their effectiveness rates are lower due to human error and inconsistent use.
Barrier methods like condoms have lower effectiveness rates but they offer protection against STIs.
Potential Side Effects and Complications
All contraceptive methods can have side effect, though not everyone experiences them.
Hormonal methods may affect mood, weight, or menstrual patterns.
Copper IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding and cramps.
Some methods carry a small risk of more serious complications, such as blood clots with combined hormonal contraceptives.
Impact on Menstrual Cycle and Future Fertility
Some methods, particularly hormonal ones, can alter your menstrual cycle. So consider whether you prefer to have regular periods, lighter periods, or no periods at all.
Think about how quickly you want to return to fertility after stopping contraception.
Partner Involvement
Other methods require partner cooperation, like condoms. So also consider whether you want a method that your partner needs to know about or be involved with.
Cost and Insurance Coverage
Long-acting methods have a higher upfront cost but may be more cost-effective over time. So it’s best to check what methods are covered by your insurance plan if applicable.
Personal Values and Beliefs
Your personal, cultural, or religious beliefs may influence your choice of contraception.
Contraception After Childbirth
Postpartum Ovulation
Ovulation for non-breastfeeding mothers can return as early as 4-6 weeks after delivery. If you are breastfeeding, your hormones do not return to pre-pregnancy levels (meaning delayed ovulation).
You should note that ovulation comes back before your first postpartum menstrual period, so it’s possible to become pregnant before menstruation resume.
Timing of Contraception Initiation
Some contraceptive can be started immediately after delivery while others require a waiting period. At this point of uncertainty, we recommend you discuss postpartum contraception with a gynaecologist during prenatal care or before you get discharged after delivery.
Considerations for Breastfeeding Mothers
Hormonal methods containing oestrogen (such as combined oral contraceptives) are generally not recommended in the first 6 weeks postpartum for all women, and for the first 6 months for breastfeeding women, as they may affect milk supply.Progestin-only methods are usually compatible with breastfeeding and can be started immediately after birth.
Recommended Methods for Postpartum Use
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) – This is effective if you are exclusively breastfeeding, your baby is less than six months old, and you haven’t had your period.
Progestin-Only Methods – Pills are safe to start immediately postpartum and suitable for breastfeeding moms, while injectables are effective for about three months.
Intrauterine Devices – Hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs can be inserted immediately after giving birth, effective for up to 10 and 7 years, respectively.
Implants – You can have this implant inserted right away after a vaginal/caesarean birth.
Barrier Methods – Condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps can be used immediately postpartum and have no hormonal effects.
Sterilisation – Tubal ligation is a permanent method that can be done immediately after childbirth.
Optimal Child Spacing
This is the recommended time interval between pregnancies that is associated with the best health outcomes for both the mother and the child. It allows the mother’s body to fully recover from the previous pregnancy and childbirth, replenish essential nutrients, and tend to her newborn before conceiving again.
It is generally recommended to wait 18 to 24 months but less than five years after a live birth before attempting your next pregnancy. The reason is to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and other health problems.
Conclusion
Family planning methods are essential tools for your reproductive health. Regardless of your need or preference, be it hormonal contraceptives, long-acting reversible methods, or you’re just exploring postpartum options, weigh all the factors carefully. Discuss your goals and specific health conditions with us so we can recommend the most suitable method.
Our Mount Elizabeth Novena Gynae clinic is a women’s clinic in Singapore that has helped multiple women navigate their journey. Contact us today for non-obligatory discussion.
Hormonal IUDs release small amounts of progestin locally in the uterus for 3-8 years, depending on the device.
Copper IUDs are non-hormonal alternative effective for up to 12 years.
Barrier Methods
These work by preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
Male and Female Condoms
Physical barriers that also provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Diaphragm and Cervical Cap
Flexible cups inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix.
Contraceptive Sponge
A soft, disk-shaped device containing spermicide.
Natural Family Planning Methods
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM)
LAM is a method used by breastfeeding mothers. It relies on the natural infertility that occurs when a woman is exclusively breastfeeding.
Fertility Awareness-Based Methods (FABMs)
FABMs involve tracking various signs of fertility throughout the menstrual cycle to determine the days when a woman is most likely to conceive. Some common FABMs include calendar, cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and symptothermal method.
Emergency Contraception
This is a birth control method used to prevent pregnancy in women, and there are many instances where emergency contraception is applicable.
After a rape or sexual assault
When a condom breaks/diaphragm slips out of place
When a woman forgets to take her regular birth control pills
When you have sex and do not use any form of birth control
When any method of birth control is not used correctly
There are two ways you may receive this kind of contraception, by using synthetic pills (progestin) or having an IUD placed inside your uterus.
Permanent Methods
For those who have completed their families or are certain they do not want children, this option is for you.
Tubal Ligation
A surgical procedure for women that closes off the fallopian tubes.
Vasectomy
A surgical procedure for mean that cuts and seals the tubes that carry sperm. Each of these has its own set of benefits, risks and considerations. So your choice of method should be made in consultation with your healthcare provider.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Contraceptive Method
Consider the following factors carefully and don’t forget to discuss them with your medical team so you make the best choice regarding contraception.
Personal Factors
Some methods may be more or less suitable depending on your age. For instance, combined hormonal contraceptives are generally not recommended for women over 35 who smoke due to an increased risk of blood clots.
Certain medical conditions may also influence your contraceptive options. Like in women with a history of breast cancer, they might be advised against hormonal methods.
If you are smoking, know that it can increase the risk of side effects with some methods, particularly combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs). Some methods like CHCs are also not recommended in the early weeks of breastfeeding because they may affect milk production.
Desired Duration of Contraception
Consider your family planning goals.If short-term, methods like pills, patches, or condoms might be suitable. If long-term, LARC methods could be more appropriate.And if you are certain that you don’t want children in the future, sterilisation might be an option.
Practicality and Accessibility
Daily methods like pills require consistent use and may not be suitable for those who struggle with routines. For methods like IUDs and implants, they require less frequent attention but need a medical professional for insertion and removal.
So consider how often you’re willing to visit a healthcare provider for contraception-related appointments.
Efficacy Rates
Every method has varying effectiveness rates.
LARC methods like IUDs and implants have the highest rates (>99%).
Pills, patches, and rings are highly effective when used perfectly but in typical use, their effectiveness rates are lower due to human error and inconsistent use.
Barrier methods like condoms have lower effectiveness rates but they offer protection against STIs.
Potential Side Effects and Complications
All contraceptive methods can have side effect, though not everyone experiences them.
Hormonal methods may affect mood, weight, or menstrual patterns.
Copper IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding and cramps.
Some methods carry a small risk of more serious complications, such as blood clots with combined hormonal contraceptives.
Impact on Menstrual Cycle and Future Fertility
Some methods, particularly hormonal ones, can alter your menstrual cycle. So consider whether you prefer to have regular periods, lighter periods, or no periods at all.
Think about how quickly you want to return to fertility after stopping contraception.
Partner Involvement
Other methods require partner cooperation, like condoms. So also consider whether you want a method that your partner needs to know about or be involved with.
Cost and Insurance Coverage
Long-acting methods have a higher upfront cost but may be more cost-effective over time. So it’s best to check what methods are covered by your insurance plan if applicable.
Personal Values and Beliefs
Your personal, cultural, or religious beliefs may influence your choice of contraception.
Contraception After Childbirth
Postpartum Ovulation
Ovulation for non-breastfeeding mothers can return as early as 4-6 weeks after delivery. If you are breastfeeding, your hormones do not return to pre-pregnancy levels (meaning delayed ovulation).
You should note that ovulation comes back before your first postpartum menstrual period, so it’s possible to become pregnant before menstruation resume.
Timing of Contraception Initiation
Some contraceptive can be started immediately after delivery while others require a waiting period. At this point of uncertainty, we recommend you discuss postpartum contraception with a gynaecologist during prenatal care or before you get discharged after delivery.
Considerations for Breastfeeding Mothers
Hormonal methods containing oestrogen (such as combined oral contraceptives) are generally not recommended in the first 6 weeks postpartum for all women, and for the first 6 months for breastfeeding women, as they may affect milk supply.Progestin-only methods are usually compatible with breastfeeding and can be started immediately after birth.
Recommended Methods for Postpartum Use
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) – This is effective if you are exclusively breastfeeding, your baby is less than six months old, and you haven’t had your period.
Progestin-Only Methods – Pills are safe to start immediately postpartum and suitable for breastfeeding moms, while injectables are effective for about three months.
Intrauterine Devices – Hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs can be inserted immediately after giving birth, effective for up to 10 and 7 years, respectively.
Implants – You can have this implant inserted right away after a vaginal/caesarean birth.
Barrier Methods – Condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps can be used immediately postpartum and have no hormonal effects.
Sterilisation – Tubal ligation is a permanent method that can be done immediately after childbirth.
Optimal Child Spacing
This is the recommended time interval between pregnancies that is associated with the best health outcomes for both the mother and the child. It allows the mother’s body to fully recover from the previous pregnancy and childbirth, replenish essential nutrients, and tend to her newborn before conceiving again.
It is generally recommended to wait 18 to 24 months but less than five years after a live birth before attempting your next pregnancy. The reason is to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and other health problems.
Conclusion
Family planning methods are essential tools for your reproductive health. Regardless of your need or preference, be it hormonal contraceptives, long-acting reversible methods, or you’re just exploring postpartum options, weigh all the factors carefully. Discuss your goals and specific health conditions with us so we can recommend the most suitable method.
Our Mount Elizabeth Novena Gynae clinic is a women’s clinic in Singapore that has helped multiple women navigate their journey. Contact us today for non-obligatory discussion.
Family planning is a critical aspect of reproductive health that allows individuals and couples to make informed decisions about when and if to have children.
At the heart of effective family planning is contraception. Choosing the right contraceptive method is a personal decision that depends on numerous factors. Let’s explore them, including postpartum contraception and optimal child spacing.
Types of Contraceptive Methods
Contraceptive methods are designed to prevent pregnancy through various mechanisms. They can be broadly categorised into hormonal methods, long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), barrier methods, and permanent methods, each of which works differently and has unique benefits.
Hormonal Contraception
Hormonal contraceptives use synthetic hormones to regulate or prevent ovulation and create other changes in the body that reduce the risk of pregnancy.
Combined Hormonal Methods
These methods contain both synthetic oestrogen (usually ethinyl estradiol) and progestin and work primarily by inhibiting ovulation and thickening cervical mucus.
Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs, “the pill”)
A woman takes one pill daily, preferably at the same time each day. Many types are available, and a women’s clinic in Singapore can help determine the most suitable option.
Contraceptive Patch
A thin, plastic patch applied to the skin (lower abdomen, buttocks, outer arm, or upper body) that releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream. It is replaced weekly for three weeks, with no patch used in the fourth week to allow for menstruation.
Vaginal Ring
A flexible ring inserted into the vagina that continuously releases hormones for three weeks. It is removed for the fourth week and replaced with a new ring after seven days.
Progestin-Only Methods
By its name alone, they use only progestin and are suitable for women who cannot or prefer not to use oestrogen-containing contraceptives.
Progestin-Only Pills (POPs)
Taken daily, preferably at the same time each day. POPs work by thickening cervical mucus and may also interfere with ovulation or sperm function.
Injectable Birth Control
Depo-Provera® (DMPA) is injected into the arm or buttocks once every three months. It can cause temporary bone density loss, particularly in adolescents, so users are advised to have adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)
LARC provides long-term contraception without needing daily action from the user.
Contraceptive Implant
A small flexible rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm that releases progestin for up to three years.
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
Hormonal IUDs release small amounts of progestin locally in the uterus for 3-8 years, depending on the device.
Copper IUDs are non-hormonal alternative effective for up to 12 years.
Barrier Methods
These work by preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
Male and Female Condoms
Physical barriers that also provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Diaphragm and Cervical Cap
Flexible cups inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix.
Contraceptive Sponge
A soft, disk-shaped device containing spermicide.
Natural Family Planning Methods
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM)
LAM is a method used by breastfeeding mothers. It relies on the natural infertility that occurs when a woman is exclusively breastfeeding.
Fertility Awareness-Based Methods (FABMs)
FABMs involve tracking various signs of fertility throughout the menstrual cycle to determine the days when a woman is most likely to conceive. Some common FABMs include calendar, cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and symptothermal method.
Emergency Contraception
This is a birth control method used to prevent pregnancy in women, and there are many instances where emergency contraception is applicable.
After a rape or sexual assault
When a condom breaks/diaphragm slips out of place
When a woman forgets to take her regular birth control pills
When you have sex and do not use any form of birth control
When any method of birth control is not used correctly
There are two ways you may receive this kind of contraception, by using synthetic pills (progestin) or having an IUD placed inside your uterus.
Permanent Methods
For those who have completed their families or are certain they do not want children, this option is for you.
Tubal Ligation
A surgical procedure for women that closes off the fallopian tubes.
Vasectomy
A surgical procedure for mean that cuts and seals the tubes that carry sperm. Each of these has its own set of benefits, risks and considerations. So your choice of method should be made in consultation with your healthcare provider.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Contraceptive Method
Consider the following factors carefully and don’t forget to discuss them with your medical team so you make the best choice regarding contraception.
Personal Factors
Some methods may be more or less suitable depending on your age. For instance, combined hormonal contraceptives are generally not recommended for women over 35 who smoke due to an increased risk of blood clots.
Certain medical conditions may also influence your contraceptive options. Like in women with a history of breast cancer, they might be advised against hormonal methods.
If you are smoking, know that it can increase the risk of side effects with some methods, particularly combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs). Some methods like CHCs are also not recommended in the early weeks of breastfeeding because they may affect milk production.
Desired Duration of Contraception
Consider your family planning goals.If short-term, methods like pills, patches, or condoms might be suitable. If long-term, LARC methods could be more appropriate.And if you are certain that you don’t want children in the future, sterilisation might be an option.
Practicality and Accessibility
Daily methods like pills require consistent use and may not be suitable for those who struggle with routines. For methods like IUDs and implants, they require less frequent attention but need a medical professional for insertion and removal.
So consider how often you’re willing to visit a healthcare provider for contraception-related appointments.
Efficacy Rates
Every method has varying effectiveness rates.
LARC methods like IUDs and implants have the highest rates (>99%).
Pills, patches, and rings are highly effective when used perfectly but in typical use, their effectiveness rates are lower due to human error and inconsistent use.
Barrier methods like condoms have lower effectiveness rates but they offer protection against STIs.
Potential Side Effects and Complications
All contraceptive methods can have side effect, though not everyone experiences them.
Hormonal methods may affect mood, weight, or menstrual patterns.
Copper IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding and cramps.
Some methods carry a small risk of more serious complications, such as blood clots with combined hormonal contraceptives.
Impact on Menstrual Cycle and Future Fertility
Some methods, particularly hormonal ones, can alter your menstrual cycle. So consider whether you prefer to have regular periods, lighter periods, or no periods at all.
Think about how quickly you want to return to fertility after stopping contraception.
Partner Involvement
Other methods require partner cooperation, like condoms. So also consider whether you want a method that your partner needs to know about or be involved with.
Cost and Insurance Coverage
Long-acting methods have a higher upfront cost but may be more cost-effective over time. So it’s best to check what methods are covered by your insurance plan if applicable.
Personal Values and Beliefs
Your personal, cultural, or religious beliefs may influence your choice of contraception.
Contraception After Childbirth
Postpartum Ovulation
Ovulation for non-breastfeeding mothers can return as early as 4-6 weeks after delivery. If you are breastfeeding, your hormones do not return to pre-pregnancy levels (meaning delayed ovulation).
You should note that ovulation comes back before your first postpartum menstrual period, so it’s possible to become pregnant before menstruation resume.
Timing of Contraception Initiation
Some contraceptive can be started immediately after delivery while others require a waiting period. At this point of uncertainty, we recommend you discuss postpartum contraception with a gynaecologist during prenatal care or before you get discharged after delivery.
Considerations for Breastfeeding Mothers
Hormonal methods containing oestrogen (such as combined oral contraceptives) are generally not recommended in the first 6 weeks postpartum for all women, and for the first 6 months for breastfeeding women, as they may affect milk supply.Progestin-only methods are usually compatible with breastfeeding and can be started immediately after birth.
Recommended Methods for Postpartum Use
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) – This is effective if you are exclusively breastfeeding, your baby is less than six months old, and you haven’t had your period.
Progestin-Only Methods – Pills are safe to start immediately postpartum and suitable for breastfeeding moms, while injectables are effective for about three months.
Intrauterine Devices – Hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs can be inserted immediately after giving birth, effective for up to 10 and 7 years, respectively.
Implants – You can have this implant inserted right away after a vaginal/caesarean birth.
Barrier Methods – Condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps can be used immediately postpartum and have no hormonal effects.
Sterilisation – Tubal ligation is a permanent method that can be done immediately after childbirth.
Optimal Child Spacing
This is the recommended time interval between pregnancies that is associated with the best health outcomes for both the mother and the child. It allows the mother’s body to fully recover from the previous pregnancy and childbirth, replenish essential nutrients, and tend to her newborn before conceiving again.
It is generally recommended to wait 18 to 24 months but less than five years after a live birth before attempting your next pregnancy. The reason is to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and other health problems.
Conclusion
Family planning methods are essential tools for your reproductive health. Regardless of your need or preference, be it hormonal contraceptives, long-acting reversible methods, or you’re just exploring postpartum options, weigh all the factors carefully. Discuss your goals and specific health conditions with us so we can recommend the most suitable method.
Our Mount Elizabeth Novena Gynae clinic is a women’s clinic in Singapore that has helped multiple women navigate their journey. Contact us today for non-obligatory discussion.
